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| Japanese speakers learning r and l ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Perception of English /r/ and /l/ by Japanese speakers
Japanese has one liquid consonant, a flap that varies between lateral and central . English has two: an alveolar lateral approximant and rhotic consonant of varying phonetic properties centered on . Japanese speakers who learn English as a second language later than childhood often have difficulty in hearing and producing and accurately.
==Phonetic differences==
The Japanese liquid is most often realized as an alveolar tap , though there is some variation depending on phonetic context.〔 citing and 〕
of American English (the dialect Japanese speakers are typically exposed to) is most commonly a postalveolar central approximant with simultaneous secondary pharyngeal constriction and lip rounding: , though it may also be a labialized retroflex approximant .〔 citing , , and 〕 involves contact with the alveolar ridge as well as some raising of the tongue dorsum (velarization), especially when syllable-final.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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